We have used struct for purposes like small-scale copiable entity representing common-kinds-of-data. What if we want to make our custom struct model equatable? We want our struct to be analysed for basic equality of comparison. What if we have an array of struct and we want to perform some operation to array like sorting or create an unique array by removing duplicate structs.

We have seen this error shown when we try to perform such operation of comparison:

Type ‘CustomStruct’ does not conform to protocol ‘Hashable’

I have been ignoring the message to upgrade awsebcli tool for long time. This time I did not ignore and made an attempt to upgrade:

pip install --upgrade awsebcli

No matching distribution found for botocore<1.22.0,>=1.21.0 (from awsebcli)

pip install --upgrade pip --user

sudo pip install --upgrade awsebcli botocore==1.19.63

ERROR: pip's legacy dependency resolver does not consider dependency conflicts when selecting packages. This behaviour is the source of the following dependency conflicts.
boto3 1.7.68 requires botocore<1.11.0,>=1.10.68, but you'll have botocore 1.19.63 which is incompatible.
awsebcli 3.20.2 requires botocore<1.22.0,>=1.21.0, but you'll have botocore 1.19.63 which is incompatible.

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It installed with errors. I verified installation by deploying my new update to beanstalk environment to see if awsebcli tool is working fine. It did not. I got this error:

File “/usr/local/bin/eb”, line 5, in 
    from ebcli.core.ebcore import main
  File “/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/ebcli/core/ebcore.py”, line 19, in 
    from ebcli.core import ebglobals, base, hooks
  File “/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/ebcli/core/hooks.py”, line 20, in 
    from ebcli.core import fileoperations
  File “/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/ebcli/core/fileoperations.py”, line 32, in 
    from json import load, JSONDecodeError
ImportError: cannot import name JSONDecodeError

Solution:

Sometime there may be need to resize the image displayed in UIButton for not availability of proper sized image because of some reason. Wrong size gives unwanted results like stretched out image pixels etc. In this post we are assuming simple UIButton with image only.

First solution:

btn.imageView?.contentMode = .scaleAspectFit

This will solve the 50% of problem because UIButton will render the image maintaining the aspect ratio.

Now if in worst case scenario problem isn’t solved because of bigger dimension of image then we have second solution:

Recently someone brought me a problem that needed my perspective. A vertical UICollectionView is using sections for displaying items. Requirement is to scroll to bottom of UICollectionView. A method that can be used used for scrolling to last item in UICollectionView is

This method worked incomplete. It made collection view to last item. Isn’t that what is required? There is a custom footer at the end of section and footer needs to be visible. It did not scroll to last footer but stopped just before footer.

To find the information regarding offset on our footer view we will gather layout information for that particular supplementary view. Remember supplementary view can be either header or footer so this works for both. Here is an extension to UICollectionView

Animation is a common feature we use often in our apps. iOS SDK does provide different ways to implement. From higher-level UIKit methods to more lower Core Animation. Any UIKit based animation is internally translated into core animations. UIKit methods abstracts the layer of core animation.

Today here we will see the higher-level UIKit animation’s equivalent in Android’s Kotlin - one of the ways that Android SDK provides us. We will use ViewPropertyAnimator - a simplified and optimised way to animate properties of a View in Android. A simple example to rotate a view by certain angle for a duration and also callback implementation when animation ends.

Below is the equivalent code snippet for Android Animation in Kotlin and iOS animation on views with UIKit.

Each tab of a tab bar controller is associated with a view controller. When the user selects a specific tab, the tab bar controller displays the root view of the corresponding view controller, replacing any previous views. The tab bar interface displays tabs at the bottom for selecting between the different display views.

Tab bar controller lets us to implement easy multi-selection of displays easily. In this user interface style tabs at the bottom remains visible. Display switches between selection at child controller section above.

Comes a situation where view controller associated with a specific tab to display modally or push where Tabs at bottom gets covered behind this view controller. Instagram app is a good example where when create-post-tab is pressed, then display is opened over the tab controller.

How to present UITabBarItem’s view controller modally?

To disconnect a connected peripheral in CoreBluetooth we call method cancelPeripheralConnection

centralManager.cancelPeripheralConnection(peripheral)

This did disconnect peripheral in CoreBluetooth. In my program there is code that caches old discovered peripherals for certain period. It does go through cached peripherals to search for their services. What I found was that even if peripheral was disconnected code was somehow discovering the services and characteristics. There is a segment of code which is written to trigger certain behaviour when characteristics of peripheral is discovered. I did not want this for disconnected peripherals. Problem is not an issue for there are very simple solution for this scenario like checking the state of peripherals before trigger and etc.

I am emphasizing that Disconnected peripheral’s services still can be discovered in CoreBluetooth. Which is not an issue. I had assumed that when peripheral gets disconnected it removes its services and characteristics.

These methods do get called up even if peripheral is no more connected.

func peripheral(_ peripheral: CBPeripheral, didDiscoverServices error: Error?)
func peripheral(_ peripheral: CBPeripheral, didDiscoverCharacteristicsFor service: CBService, error: Error?)

A simple approach to detect mouse click in our game is to intercept input event in in-built _input method. Let’s intercept the input.

extends StaticBody2D
func _input(event):
    if event is InputEventMouseButton:
        if event.button_index == BUTTON_LEFT and event.pressed:
            print(“A click!”)

The problem is that input detection is registered all over the viewport. Let me explain. I have a Sprite child node inside StaticBody2D node. My intention is to detect mouse input over the visible sprite only. In our 2D game we may want to select an object in our world with mouse and do some interaction with it. In this case mouse input is been registered outside the Sprite node.Note that our script is attached to StaticBody2D. As a result this node has to have a shape, so the example has a collision shape as a child. We are trying to keep Sprite node loosely coupled from the logic. Documentation clearly says that StaticBody2D is not intended to move. This makes perfect for objects like trees in the game.

Let’s come back to our problem. My assumption for the behaviour would be that StaticBody2D is shapeless. Yes, we did add a collision shape so it mouse input should be triggered only over defined collision shape. However, StaticBody2D is behaving shapeless and mouse input is registered all over the screen.

A simple approach I discovered is two steps.

I have been learning and practicing Godot game engine by watching free high quality video series from HeartBeast. I really want you to go and watch this RPG tutorial series to learn practical fundamentals of Godot engine. In part-20 of the series we learned about setting up camera and make camera follow the player around the level. It is very easy in Godot.

Above tutorial video lets you learn to easily setup player Camera2D. One thing was missing and I took a challenge exercise where camera stops following the player when player is near the edge or boundary of the level. Currently camera moves with player and vast empty space is visible when player is near boundary of the level.

My solution is based on existing type of game world I am working with.

There is no given individual property available to change the color of UISwitch in “off” state. We have the property to change color for “on” state called onTintColor. For "off" sate We can achieve by changing certain combination of properties to UISwitch.

By default background color of UISwitch is clear. We change background color to new color. Remember this changes the background color of UISwitch, and this will result in rectangle solid background color. Our UISwitch must have rounded corners and to match that we update the corner radius of UISwitch. That is it.

Optional step is to update tintColor of UISwitch to match the background color to keep it even.

First way, Inheritence - creating custom UISwitch class. In this example code I am exposing designable property for easy use in our storyboard.

class CustomSwitch: UISwitch{
    @IBInspectable var offTintColor: UIColor? {
        didSet {
            let minSide = min(bounds.size.height, bounds.size.width)
            layer.cornerRadius = minSide / 2
            backgroundColor = offTintColor
            tintColor = offTintColor
        }
    }
}